Scientific backgroundĀ 

Ā 

The information provided in the form is based on scientific harm reduction literature from leading institutions and peer-reviewed research:Ā 

  • Trimbos-instituut: Nederlands expertisecentrum voor preventie en geestelijke gezondheid
  • NVvP Memorandum Psychedelica in de Psychiatrie (2024): Nederlandse psychiatrische richtlijnen
  • Internationale onderzoeksgroepen: Johns Hopkins University, Imperial College London, MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies)Ā 

References

Bonomo, Y., Norman, A., Biber, A., Caulkins, J. P., Fischer, B., Foulds, J., ... & Hall, W. (2019). The Australian drug harms ranking study. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 33(7), 759-768. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119841569

Carbonaro, T. M., Bradstreet, M. P., Barrett, F. S., MacLean, K. A., Jesse, R., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2016). Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: Acute and enduring positive and negative consequences. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(12), 1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116662634

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, M., Rucker, J., Day, C. M., Erritzoe, D., Kaelen, M., ... & Nutt, D. J. (2016). Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: An open-label feasibility study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(7), 619-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30065-7

Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Carducci, M. A., Umbricht, A., Richards, W. A., Richards, B. D., ... & Klinedinst, M. A. (2016). Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(12), 1181-1197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675513

Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Hendricks, P. S., & Henningfield, J. E. (2018). The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act. Neuropharmacology, 142, 143-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012

Johnson, M. W., Richards, W. A., & Griffiths, R. R. (2008). Human hallucinogen research: Guidelines for safety. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 22(6), 603-620. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108093587

Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie. (2024). NVvP Memorandum Psychedelica in de Psychiatrie. Utrecht: NVvP.

Nutt, D. J., King, L. A., & Phillips, L. D. (2010). Drug harms in the UK: A multicriteria decision analysis. The Lancet, 376(9752), 1558-1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6

Roscoe, J., & Lozy, O. (2022). Can psilocybin be safely administered under medical supervision? Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 12.

Ross, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B., ... & Schmidt, B. L. (2016). Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(12), 1165-1180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675512

Trimbos-instituut. (2023). Risico's van paddo's en truffels. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut. https://www.trimbos.nl

Van Amsterdam, J., Opperhuizen, A., & Van den Brink, W. (2011). Harm potential of magic mushroom use: A review. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 59(3), 423-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.006

Van Amsterdam, J., Nutt, D., Phillips, L., & Van den Brink, W. (2015). European rating of drug harms. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29(6), 655-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115581980

Yerubandi, A., Thomas, J. E., Ghuran, S., Ghuran, A., & Ghuran, A. (2024). Acute adverse effects of psilocybin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Psychopharmacology, 241(2), 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06518-0